Intellectual property rights of nano-biotechnology in trade related aspects of intellectual property agreement

Flexibilities provided by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

Biotechnology, Gene Flow, and Intellectual Property Rights

PREAMBLE Genetic improvement of varietal crops has historically been a public sector endeavor carried on primarily within Land Grant University Agricultural Experiment Stations and USDA. The Plant Variety Protection Act (1970) triggered significant private sector investment in plant breeding and genetics research, particularly soybeans, and a number of excellent varieties have been introduced b...

Biotechnology-Related Intellectual Property Law of Iran

In this study, an attempt has been made to expound the Iranian law of intellectual property in relation to biotechnology. The most important themes studied are patents, industrial designs and trade marks. The latest relevant piece of legislation concerning the subject matters was passed in March 2008. However, the history of laws and regulations in this field goes back to early twentieth centur...

biotechnology-related intellectual property law of iran

in this study, an attempt has been made to expound the iranian law of intellectual property in relation to biotechnology. the most important themes studied are patents, industrial designs and trade marks. the latest relevant piece of legislation concerning the subject matters was passed in march 2008. however, the history of laws and regulations in this field goes back to early twentieth centur...

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The probability of being involved in a suit is very heterogeneous, being much higher for valuable patents and for patents owned by individuals and smaller firms. Thus the patent system generates incent...